Apr 05, 2026
A single database node handling millions of reads eventually saturates. Replication copies data across multiple nodes, distributes read load, and introduces consistency trade-offs that every engineer must understand.
Apr 04, 2026
An open API receives requests from anyone. Authentication, authorization, rate limiting, and attack pattern defenses are four distinct layers. Failing any one of them compromises the others.
Apr 03, 2026
Caching compressed the database load. But components still need a contract for communication. Three styles dominate modern API design, and each makes different trade-offs on flexibility, performance, and tooling.
Apr 03, 2026
Redundant servers reading the same data on every request still bottleneck the database. Caching stores expensive results across five distinct layers so repeated requests pay almost nothing.